History of human life

Prehistoric Era:

1. Q: What is the earliest known human species?
   A: Homo sapiens.
2. Q: When did Homo sapiens first appear on Earth?
   A: Approximately 300,000 years ago.
3. Q: What is the name of the ancient human species that lived around 2 million years ago and is known for using tools?
   A: Homo habilis.
4. Q: In which continent were the oldest known cave paintings discovered?
   A: Europe (e.g., Lascaux Cave in France).

Ancient Civilizations:

5. Q: In which ancient civilization was the Code of Hammurabi, one of the earliest known legal codes, established?
A: Mesopotamia (Babylon).

6. Q: Who was the legendary founder of Rome according to Roman mythology?
   A: Romulus and Remus.
7. Q: What was the major religion of ancient Egypt?
   A: Ancient Egyptian religion, which included a variety of gods and goddesses.
8. Q: In which ancient civilization were the Pyramids of Giza built?
   A: Ancient Egypt.

Classical Era:

9. Q: Who was the famous Greek philosopher known for his contributions to ethics and his dialogues?
A: Socrates.

10. Q: Who was the first Roman emperor?
    A: Augustus (also known as Octavian).
11. Q: What is the name of the long conflict between Athens and Sparta in ancient Greece?
    A: The Peloponnesian War.
12. Q: Which Roman general and statesman crossed the Rubicon River, triggering a civil war?
    A: Julius Caesar.

Medieval Era:

13. Q: Who led the Norman Conquest of England in 1066?
A: William the Conqueror.

14. Q: What was the period of cultural and economic growth in medieval Europe called?
    A: The Renaissance.
15. Q: What were the religious wars fought between Christians and Muslims during the medieval period called?
    A: The Crusades.
16. Q: Who was the English king who signed the Magna Carta in 1215, limiting the power of the monarch?
    A: King John.

Age of Exploration:

17. Q: Who was the Italian explorer credited with discovering America in 1492?
A: Christopher Columbus.

18. Q: What was the first circumnavigation of the Earth led by Ferdinand Magellan called?
    A: The Magellan-Elcano expedition.
19. Q: Who was the Portuguese explorer who sailed around the southern tip of Africa, known as the Cape of Good Hope?
    A: Vasco da Gama.
20. Q: What was the treaty signed in 1494 that divided the newly discovered lands between Spain and Portugal?
    A: The Treaty of Tordesillas.

Enlightenment and Revolutions:

21. Q: Who wrote the Declaration of Independence for the United States in 1776?
A: Thomas Jefferson.

22. Q: What was the French revolutionary symbol of liberty and equality?
    A: The guillotine.
23. Q: Who was the key figure of the Scientific Revolution known for his laws of motion and universal gravitation?
    A: Sir Isaac Newton.
24. Q: What was the period of radical social and political change in Europe from the late 18th to the mid-19th centuries called?
    A: The Industrial Revolution.

Colonialism and Imperialism:

25. Q: Which European country was the first to establish colonies in the Americas?
A: Spain.

26. Q: Which country established a significant colonial presence in Africa during the late 19th and early 20th centuries?
    A: Belgium.
27. Q: What was the policy of extending a nation’s authority over other countries by economic, political, or military means called?
    A: Imperialism.
28. Q: What was the conference held in 1884-1885 that regulated European colonization and trade in Africa?
    A: The Berlin Conference.

World Wars:

29. Q: What event triggered World War I?
A: The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria.

30. Q: Who was the leader of Nazi Germany during World War II?
    A: Adolf Hitler.
31. Q: What were the two opposing alliances during World War II?
    A: The Axis Powers and the Allies.
32. Q: What was the outcome of the Yalta Conference held in 1945?
    A: The division of Germany and plans for post-war Europe.

Cold War and Modern Era:

33. Q: What were the two major superpowers during the Cold War?
A: The United States and the Soviet Union.

34. Q: What was the space race during the Cold War?
    A: A competition between the USA and the USSR to achieve significant milestones in space exploration.
35. Q: Who was the first human to orbit the Earth in space?
    A: Yuri Gagarin (Soviet cosmonaut).
36. Q: What event marked the end of the Cold War?
    A: The fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989.

Civil Rights and Social Movements:

37. Q: Who was a prominent leader in the American Civil Rights Movement and known for his “I Have a Dream” speech?
A: Martin Luther King Jr.

38. Q: What was the landmark U.S. Supreme Court case in 1954 that declared racial segregation in schools unconstitutional?
    A: Brown v. Board of Education.
39. Q: Who was a key figure in the Indian independence movement and an advocate for nonviolent civil disobedience?
    A: Mahatma Gandhi.
40. Q: What was the feminist movement of the late 1960s and early 1970s that advocated for women’s rights called?
    A: Second-wave feminism.